Результат интеллектуальной деятельности: Lensless holographic osmometer

Вид РИД

Патент

Юридическая информация Юридическая информация Свернуть Развернуть

Наименование РИД на английском: Lensless holographic osmometer (PCT)

Авторы

Градов Олег Валерьевич

Правообладатели

Градов Олег Валерьевич

№ охранного документа

WO2022098264A1

Дата охранного документа

12.05.2022

Номер заявки

PCT/RU2021/050357

Дата приоритета

27.10.2021

Код пошлины

Дата окончания действия пошлины

12.11.2024

Статус пошлины

КБК 168 1 15 05020 01 6000 140 – «Патентные и иные пошлины за совершение юридически значимых действий, связанных с патентом на изобретение, полезную модель, промышленный образец, с государственной регистрацией товарного знака и знака обслуживания, с государственной регистрацией и предоставлением исключительного права на наименование мест происхождения товара, а также с государственной регистрацией отчуждения исключительного права на результат интеллектуальной деятельности или средство индивидуализации, залога исключительного права, предоставления права использования такого результата или такого средства по договору, перехода исключительного права на такой результат или такое средство без договора».

Вид патента

Изобретение

Код МПК

G01N13/04

Краткое описание РИД Краткое описание РИД Свернуть Развернуть

Аннотация: The invention relates to the field of analyzing the physical and chemical properties of a substance, and more particularly to methods and devices for measuring osmotic pressure in liquid and partially ordered media. The technical result of the invention is an improvement in measurement quality and resolving power in the lensless optical recording of the properties of a substance as it undergoes a change in temperature, said result being achieved in that a lensless holographic osmometer which detects a change in the properties of a sample exposed to a cryoscopic effect on the basis of the position of a beam from a radiation source, which passes through a sample on a position-sensitive array, is characterized in that a change in the properties of the sample is detected on the basis of the formation of crystals in the sample, which are imaged when a holographic projection of the sample on the surface of the position-sensitive array is scanned by at least one source of radiation, which moves along a goniometric scale, in several different discrete fixed positions, wherein in order to determine the non-optical properties and osmotic characteristics of the sample which change under a cryoscopic effect, thin-film elements are placed in a receptacle together with the sample

Ключевые слова: lens-less microscopy, osmometry, lens-less osmometry, microholography, holographic imaging, recrystallometry, cryoscopic osmometry, phase transition, thin films, conversion, multiphysical mapping, multi-angle measurements

Характеристика результата

Модель, Макет, Экспериментальный образец, Опытный образец/опытная партия, Технологический процесс

Основные результаты: DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of research on the physical and chemical properties of matter, and in particular to methods and devices for measuring osmotic pressure in liquid and partially ordered media [G01N13/04, G01L11/02, G03H1/00], From the prior art, osmometers with fiber and a grating (flat diaphragm) are known [CN 2938032 Y, publ.: 06/26/2006], [CN 201016745 Y, publ.: 12/21/2006], containing a pressure-transmitting transducer and a sensor element, a container with a membrane, a guide fitting (connected to a container and, accordingly, a membrane), a gauge fiber optic grating assembly, or a functionalized grid, with one end of the path fixed to the guide fitting. All so-called "Bragg osmometers" or "osmometers with a distributed Bragg reflector (fiber Bragg grating)" have a similar design and the same principles of signal conversion, in which the membrane is a pressure sensor, the liquid acts on the membrane, causing its deformation, with compression caused by deformation or When the grating is stretched, in accordance with the Bragg law (Wulf-Bragg condition), the radiation wavelength changes, since the period of the grating changes. A similar thing happens in cases of a thermal change in the length of the structure, which shifts the reflection spectrum on the lattice [CN101603873A, publ.: 14.07.2009]. The technical differences of this type of osmometers are in geometry, parts fastening schemes and types of seals [CN104931190B, published: 04/30/2009), but the physical bases for detecting and converting osmotic pressure into an optical signal are identical for all designs of such devices. The disadvantages of such technical solutions are that the use of a fiber Bragg grating can provide information on pressure and temperature, but does not lead to other characteristics of phase transitions in the medium, and, accordingly, does not characterize the phase structure and the kinetics of transformations, being a position-sensitive method. . Also known are optical osmometers with a fiber optic probe and a simple diaphragm illuminated by light focused from the fiber optic probe, part which is returned through this probe to the optical detector. When the reaction takes place in the chamber, in which the diaphragm is located and into which the fiber optic probe is inserted, the pressure changes, which acts on the diaphragm and modulates the light flux that enters the detector in proportion to the change in pressure, and the change in pressure is interpreted in the mathematical software of the metrological process as a measure of the concentration of the analyzed substances in a liquid. This principle of optical osmometry, as a rule, is considered as a prototype of optical osmometers with a fiber-optic Bragg grating [CN101603873A, 07/14/2009], therefore, it has the same disadvantages, namely, it does not lead to obtaining many characteristics of phase transitions in a medium, does not characterize the phase structure or kinetics transformations; is not a position sensitive method. This method also does not work well for non-Newtonian liquids, the viscosity of which depends on the velocity gradient, especially in high-speed measurement modes, accompanied by reaction-diffusion processes in the osmometered system. Also known is an optical osmometric device for ophthalmological (lacrimological) studies, based on the principles of SPR (surface plasmon resonance), which involves sampling for keratoconjunctivitis (dry eye syndrome) with a micropipette or other probe, after which the sample from the surface of the eye is applied to the sensitive surface of the prism, included in the optical registration system of surface plasmon resonance, the data from which are used for computer-mediated measurement of tear osmolarity [US20050159657A1, publ.: 08.01.2004]. Studies using this instrument are also not position sensitive (sample mapping). In addition, the disadvantages of this type of devices are the need for frequent replacement of the prism (surfaces), due to the binding of the liquid analyte to the metal of the deposited layer of the prism, which determines the signals of surface plasmon resonance, the measurement of the properties of not the native sample, but the products of its sorption interaction with the active surface (metal), the lack of the possibility of volumetric characterization of the sample, associated with the nature of the sorption interaction, affecting only the surface layer of the sample; relatively narrow biochemical specificity of the method associated with the development of SPR databases for non-exhaustive needs of practice the number of analytes and their incomplete compatibility associated with the specifics of various measurement methods, in particular, the differences between the Otto and Kretschmann configurations. Another type of osmometer compatible with optical technology at the registration stage is a film osmometer on a chip. Sample osmolarity is measured on a chip by depositing an aliquot of the sample on a substrate, introducing liquid into the area of the substrate sample, and measuring the energy properties of the sample on the chip [US7017394B2, publ.: 06.08.2002]. It is possible to combine electrical impedance, cryoscopic and optical (including fluorescence) measurements of a single sample dose (<20 µl) in a chip in a synchronized mode. The disadvantages of this type of osmometers are the impossibility of position-sensitive measurements in the sample volume, the impossibility of establishing the colocalization of impedance, thermal and optical-fluorescent parameters in the sample space, the impossibility of using flow analysis methods. The closest in technical essence are cryoscopic osmometers with optical control, including a video microscope with a CCD camera and a backlight source made in the form of an LED, between which there is a measuring cell fixed in the heating-cooling unit. This configuration makes it possible to visualize phase transitions (from liquid to solid state) and enter their optical (morphometric) characteristics (descriptors) into the PC memory, where the phase transition point is detected using specialized software, which is used to determine the melting point, which, in turn, turn, is used to determine the osmolality in the NANOLITER OSMOMETER [US 20060245466 A1, publ.: 27.04.2005]. The main technical problem of the prototype is the low accuracy of determining the melting point (phase transition point), due to the need to introduce an optical circuit with a lens into the cryoscopic osmometer circuit, on which moisture can condense from the cell, the impossibility of visualizing the distribution of phases in a three-dimensional format in the volume of the cell, the need to focus the microscope to view each individual structure or level of the sample surface, which affects the quality of the processed image. The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype. The technical result of the invention is to improve the metrological quality and resolvometric characteristics of optical lensless recording of the properties of a substance when their temperature changes. The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a lensless holographic osmometer, characterized by determining the change in the properties of the sample during cryoscopic exposure to it by the position of the beam from the radiation source passing through the sample on a position-sensitive matrix, characterized in that the change in the properties of the sample is detected by the formation of crystals sample, visualized when scanning the holographic projection of the sample on the plane of the position-sensitive matrix, at least one radiation source moving along the goniometric scale in several different discrete-stationary positions, while determining the non-optical properties and osmotic characteristics of the sample that change under cryoscopic exposure , thin-film elements are placed in the container with the sample. In particular, the osmotic characteristics of the sample are determined from the data of holographic volumetric morphometry of the response patterns of thin-film elements made in the form of membrane shells. In particular, to determine the non-optical properties of a sample, thin-film elements are made in the form of thin-film converters of a non-optical analytical signal. In particular, the off-axis holography geometry is used to register the sample structure. In particular, the goniometric scale is 3D. In particular, the goniometric scale is made in the form of a protractor. In particular, the curvature of the goniometric scale is arbitrary. In particular, the gradation of the goniometric scale differs from the linear one. In particular, the radiation source is made in the form of a semiconductor laser source of tunable power and/or wavelength. In particular, for coherent holographic registration at several wavelengths, the radiation source is made in the form of a matrix of coherent radiation sources with different wavelengths with tunable power and wavelength. In particular, for incoherent holographic recording at several wavelengths, the radiation source is made in the form of a multi-chip or phosphor LED. The figure shows a schematic representation of a lensless holographic osmometer, which shows: 1 - cryoscope capacity, 2 - sample cooling and thermal cycling unit, 3 - temperature controller, 4 - position-sensitive matrix, 5 - radiation source, 6 - goniometric scale, 7 - control unit, 8 - temperature sensor, 9 - angular positions of the light source. Implementation of the invention. The lensless holographic osmometer contains a transparent container of a cryoscope 1, a cooling and thermal cycling unit 2, a temperature controller 3, a position-sensitive matrix 4, at least one radiation source 5 mounted on a goniometric scale 6, a control unit 7, and at least one temperature sensor eight. The cooling and thermal cycling unit 2 is mounted around the side walls of the cryoscope tank 1 and is made in the form of a solid element, for example, a Peltier element. In one embodiment, the cooling and thermal cycling unit 2 is made in the form of an element based on the principles of laser heating and cooling of solids. In another embodiment, the cooling and thermal cycling unit 2 is made in the form of a liquid cooler, for example, a microfluidic element. The position-sensitive matrix 4, made in the form of a CMOS matrix, a CCD matrix, a bolometric matrix, a scintillation position-sensitive detector, etc., is mounted under the capacitance of the cryoscope 1 in such a way that the light from the radiation source 5, mounted above the position-sensitive sensitive matrix 4, passing through the mentioned container 1, fell on the position-sensitive matrix 4. The radiation source 5 is made in the form of a single laser or a matrix of several lasers with different wavelengths, providing holography of the sample for several spectral ranges corresponding to the spectra of the sample components. In another embodiment, the implementation of the radiation source 5 is made in the form of a single an LED or array of LEDs with a high collimation and, accordingly, a sharp radiation pattern at one or more wavelengths. The radiation source 5 is movably mounted on a goniometric scale 6 mounted above the surface of the position-sensitive matrix 4. The goniometric scale 6 is made with the possibility of movable positioning of the radiation source 5 with respect to the sample in the container of the cryostat 1 and can be made in the form of a protractor, while the movement is made around the axis lying in the projection zone on the plane of the position-sensitive matrix 4. In another embodiment, the implementation the goniometric scale 6 is made in the form of any multiaxial system that provides the projection of the sample structures onto the position-sensitive matrix 4 with the center of symmetry in the plane of the said matrix 4. The goniometric scale 6 can have any orientation that does not prevent the formation of a beam from the radiation source 5 in the projection plane as axial and off-axis holograms with different in the sequence of registration points modes of movement of the radiation source 5 and scanning of the sample. The position-sensitive matrix 4 is connected to the control unit 7, which is configured to collect and process data from the position-sensitive matrix 4, in particular, to restore holographic patterns of the sample structure from sequential scan files by the radiation source 5 in different angular positions of the light source 9, as well as the formation of control signals to the temperature controller 3 depending on the change in the structure of the sample, crystallized and thermally cycled in the cryoscope tank 1 under the control of the temperature sensor 8, made, for example, in the form of a film thermosensor mounted in the cryoscope tank 1. Temperature sensor 8, regulator temperature 3 and the cooling and thermal cycling unit 2 are also connected to the control unit 7. A lensless holographic osmometer is used as follows. In the transparent container of the cryoscope 1, located above the projection plane of the position-sensitive matrix 4, after calibrating the latter according to the empty container of the cryoscope 1, a sample of the substance is introduced. After making a sample of the substance in the control unit 7 set for the temperature controller 3 temperature regimes, according to which cooling and thermal cycling unit 2 cools or thermally cycles the sample. According to the results of the processes of cooling and thermal cycling of the sample, using a temperature sensor 8, the freezing temperatures of analytes in the cryoscopy mode and data on osmolality in the osmometry mode are recorded, and the freezing temperature of the sample is detected by the control unit 7 by the formation of crystals in the capacity of the cryoscope 1, visualized in various scanning modes and holographic projections of the sample on the plane of the position-sensitive matrix 4 by a radiation source 5 moving along a goniometric scale 6 or by a matrix of radiation sources 5 of the same type in several discrete-stationary positions 8. To implement cryoscopy modes or Pfeffer osmometry modes for mutual validation of the van't Hoff coefficient morphometry changes in the volume of membrane sensitive elements (shells) in the cryoscope 1 according to the morphometry of membrane shells pre-loaded into the mentioned container 1, equivalent to semipermeable films or membranes in Pfeffer osmometry and osmometry ic-active environment. The position-sensitive matrix 4 in this case works as a lensless microscope, and the position and configuration of the membrane shells are independent of the position of the radiation source 5, but are within the field of view of the lensless microscope. This registration principle makes it possible to detect the characteristics of phase transitions accompanying osmotic (osmometric) changes in the sample and to enter their complex (both optical and non-optical) morphometric characteristics (descriptors) into the memory of the control unit 7, where, using known descriptors, phase transition points are detected and the nature of said transition. For example, for most phase transitions of the second kind, the transition through the Curie point may be of interest, in particular, when irradiated with a source of coherent radiation, especially when the properties of electrical and magnetic symmetry in ferroelectrics and ferromagnets change abruptly; for antiferromagnets, the transition through the Neel point may also be of interest. , i.e. antiferromagnetic Curie point, which is used to identify additional parameters of the phase transition point (melting point), which, in turn, is used to determine the osmolality. At the same time, due to the use of thin films that do not interfere with holographic modes in a given frequency band (wavelengths), the measurement data can be localized on a single position-sensitive matrix of a flexible configuration without the introduction of electrodes and other additional sensors that prevent sample visualization. EFFECT: improvement of metrological quality and resolvometric characteristics of optical lensless recording of the properties of a sample of a substance when its temperature changes, is achieved by mapping a plurality of sample properties in the process of detecting the sample temperature by visualizing in a volumetric format a sample placed in a cryoscope container 1 due to a lensless holographic projection of the sample on the plane of the position-sensitive matrix 4 passing through the volume of the sample, including thin-film elements placed in the specified volume, by a coherent or partially coherent radiation source 5 moving along a goniometric scale 6 or by a matrix of radiation sources 5 of the same type in several angular positions light source 9, while the measurement accuracy is limited only by the resolution of the position-sensitive matrix 4. At the same time, if we talk about the possibilities of mapping a variety of sample properties in the process of temperature detection of the sample by visualization in the volumetric format of the sample, it is obvious that not only the resolvometric characteristic of the image changes (separably for each of the properties (channels), but also the overall metrological quality and the possibility of cross-calibration (cross-validation) of measurements. Testing of a lensless holographic osmometer developed according to the description by the author of the invention made it possible not only to visualize the structures of a crystallizing sample or membrane shells with position and angle sensitivity in holographic imaging without using an optical path, but also to compare the results of measurements in cryoscopic and Pfeffer osmometric modes, as well as to establish colocalization and correlation various variables in the phase structure of the medium under study at various effective concentrations of the dissolved substance and freezing temperatures of the solutions, which confirms the achievement of the technical result.

Новизна: Принципиально новый результат

Развернутое описание Развернутое описание Свернуть Развернуть

Приоритетные направления развития науки, технологий и техники в РФ: Живые системы, Индустрия наносистем и материалов, Рациональное природопользование, Энергетика и энергосбережение

Область применения РИД:

Метрологическое и квалиметрическое обеспечение тонких химических технологий, медицины, ветеринарии, сельского хозяйства, лесного хозяйства, экологии и природопользования, топливно-энергетического комплекса, поисковой геологии и гидрогеологии, пищевой индустрии и фармацевтической биотехнологии и т.д. (несколько десятков дополнительных отраслей, так как осмометры и рекристаллометры широко используются в США, ЕС и КНР в диверсифицированной экономике, а аналогов по комплексности измерений у созданного нами прибора в настоящее время не существует).

Особые свойства / Отличительные характеристики: The invention relates to the field of research on the physical and chemical properties of matter, and in particular to methods and devices for measuring osmotic pressure in liquid and partially ordered media [G01N13/04, G01L11/02, G03H1/00], From the prior art, osmometers with fiber and a grating (flat diaphragm) are known [CN 2938032 Y, publ.: 06/26/2006], [CN 201016745 Y, publ.: 12/21/2006], containing a pressure-transmitting transducer and a sensor element, a container with a membrane, a guide fitting (connected to a container and, accordingly, a membrane), a gauge fiber optic grating assembly, or a functionalized grid, with one end of the path fixed to the guide fitting. All so-called "Bragg osmometers" or "osmometers with a distributed Bragg reflector (fiber Bragg grating)" have a similar design and the same principles of signal conversion, in which the membrane is a pressure sensor, the liquid acts on the membrane, causing its deformation, with compression caused by deformation or When the grating is stretched, in accordance with the Bragg law (Wulf-Bragg condition), the radiation wavelength changes, since the period of the grating changes. A similar thing happens in cases of a thermal change in the length of the structure, which shifts the reflection spectrum on the lattice [CN101603873A, publ.: 14.07.2009]. The technical differences of this type of osmometers are in geometry, parts fastening schemes and types of seals [CN104931190B, published: 04/30/2009), but the physical bases for detecting and converting osmotic pressure into an optical signal are identical for all designs of such devices. The disadvantages of such technical solutions are that the use of a fiber Bragg grating can provide information on pressure and temperature, but does not lead to other characteristics of phase transitions in the medium, and, accordingly, does not characterize the phase structure and the kinetics of transformations, being a position-sensitive method. . Also known are optical osmometers with a fiber optic probe and a simple diaphragm illuminated by light focused from the fiber optic probe, part which is returned through this probe to the optical detector. When the reaction takes place in the chamber, in which the diaphragm is located and into which the fiber optic probe is inserted, the pressure changes, which acts on the diaphragm and modulates the light flux that enters the detector in proportion to the change in pressure, and the change in pressure is interpreted in the mathematical software of the metrological process as a measure of the concentration of the analyzed substances in a liquid. This principle of optical osmometry, as a rule, is considered as a prototype of optical osmometers with a fiber-optic Bragg grating [CN101603873A, 07/14/2009], therefore, it has the same disadvantages, namely, it does not lead to obtaining many characteristics of phase transitions in a medium, does not characterize the phase structure or kinetics transformations; is not a position sensitive method. This method also does not work well for non-Newtonian liquids, the viscosity of which depends on the velocity gradient, especially in high-speed measurement modes, accompanied by reaction-diffusion processes in the osmometered system. Also known is an optical osmometric device for ophthalmological (lacrimological) studies, based on the principles of SPR (surface plasmon resonance), which involves sampling for keratoconjunctivitis (dry eye syndrome) with a micropipette or other probe, after which the sample from the surface of the eye is applied to the sensitive surface of the prism, included in the optical registration system of surface plasmon resonance, the data from which are used for computer-mediated measurement of tear osmolarity [US20050159657A1, publ.: 08.01.2004]. Studies using this instrument are also not position sensitive (sample mapping). In addition, the disadvantages of this type of devices are the need for frequent replacement of the prism (surfaces), due to the binding of the liquid analyte to the metal of the deposited layer of the prism, which determines the signals of surface plasmon resonance, the measurement of the properties of not the native sample, but the products of its sorption interaction with the active surface (metal), the lack of the possibility of volumetric characterization of the sample, associated with the nature of the sorption interaction, affecting only the surface layer of the sample; relatively narrow biochemical specificity of the method associated with the development of SPR databases for non-exhaustive needs of practice the number of analytes and their incomplete compatibility associated with the specifics of various measurement methods, in particular, the differences between the Otto and Kretschmann configurations. Another type of osmometer compatible with optical technology at the registration stage is a film osmometer on a chip. Sample osmolarity is measured on a chip by depositing an aliquot of the sample on a substrate, introducing liquid into the area of the substrate sample, and measuring the energy properties of the sample on the chip [US7017394B2, publ.: 06.08.2002]. It is possible to combine electrical impedance, cryoscopic and optical (including fluorescence) measurements of a single sample dose (<20 µl) in a chip in a synchronized mode. The disadvantages of this type of osmometers are the impossibility of position-sensitive measurements in the sample volume, the impossibility of establishing the colocalization of impedance, thermal and optical-fluorescent parameters in the sample space, the impossibility of using flow analysis methods. The closest in technical essence are cryoscopic osmometers with optical control, including a video microscope with a CCD camera and a backlight source made in the form of an LED, between which there is a measuring cell fixed in the heating-cooling unit. This configuration makes it possible to visualize phase transitions (from liquid to solid state) and enter their optical (morphometric) characteristics (descriptors) into the PC memory, where the phase transition point is detected using specialized software, which is used to determine the melting point, which, in turn, turn, is used to determine the osmolality in the NANOLITER OSMOMETER [US 20060245466 A1, publ.: 27.04.2005]. The main technical problem of the prototype is the low accuracy of determining the melting point (phase transition point), due to the need to introduce an optical circuit with a lens into the cryoscopic osmometer circuit, on which moisture can condense from the cell, the impossibility of visualizing the distribution of phases in a three-dimensional format in the volume of the cell, the need to focus the microscope to view each individual structure or level of the sample surface, which affects the quality of the processed image. The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype. The technical result of the invention is to improve the metrological quality and resolvometric characteristics of optical lensless recording of the properties of a substance when their temperature changes. The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a lensless holographic osmometer, characterized by determining the change in the properties of the sample during cryoscopic exposure to it by the position of the beam from the radiation source passing through the sample on a position-sensitive matrix, characterized in that the change in the properties of the sample is detected by the formation of crystals sample, visualized when scanning the holographic projection of the sample on the plane of the position-sensitive matrix, at least one radiation source moving along the goniometric scale in several different discrete-stationary positions, while determining the non-optical properties and osmotic characteristics of the sample that change under cryoscopic exposure , thin-film elements are placed in the container with the sample.

Этап жизненного цикла объекта учета: Разработка

Перспективные направления применения для дальнейших исследований и разработок: 1. Lensless holographic osmometer, characterized by determining the change in the properties of the sample during cryoscopic exposure to it by the position of the beam from the radiation source passing through the sample on a position-sensitive matrix, characterized in that the change in the properties of the sample is detected by the formation of sample crystals visualized by scanning the holographic projection sample on the plane of the position-sensitive matrix, with at least one radiation source moving along the goniometric scale in several different discrete-stationary positions, while to determine the non-optical properties and osmotic characteristics of the sample that change under cryoscopic exposure, thin-film elements. 2. Osmometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the osmotic characteristics of the sample are determined according to the data of holographic volumetric morphometry of response patterns of thin-film elements made in the form of membrane shells. 3. The osmometer according to claim 1, characterized in that to determine the non-optical properties of the sample, the thin-film elements are made in the form of thin-film converters of the non-optical analytical signal. 4. An osmometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the off-axis holography geometry is used to register the sample structure. 5. Osmometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the goniometric scale is made in volume. 6. Osmometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the goniometric scale is made in the form of a protractor. 7. Osmometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the curvature of the goniometric scale is arbitrary. 8. Osmometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the gradation of the goniometric scale differs from linear. 9. Osmometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiation source is made in the form of a semiconductor laser source of tunable power and/or wavelength. nine 10. Osmometer according to claim 1, characterized in that for coherent holographic registration at several wavelengths, the radiation source is made in the form of a matrix of coherent radiation sources with different wavelengths with tunable power and wavelength. 11. Osmometer according to claim 1, characterized in that for incoherent holographic registration at several wavelengths, the radiation source is made in the form of a multi-chip or phosphor LED.

Подтверждение мирового уровня технологий: The invention relates to the field of research on the physical and chemical properties of matter, and in particular to methods and devices for measuring osmotic pressure in liquid and partially ordered media [G01N13/04, G01L11/02, G03H1/00], From the prior art, osmometers with fiber and a grating (flat diaphragm) are known [CN 2938032 Y, publ.: 06/26/2006], [CN 201016745 Y, publ.: 12/21/2006], containing a pressure-transmitting transducer and a sensor element, a container with a membrane, a guide fitting (connected to a container and, accordingly, a membrane), a gauge fiber optic grating assembly, or a functionalized grid, with one end of the path fixed to the guide fitting. All so-called "Bragg osmometers" or "osmometers with a distributed Bragg reflector (fiber Bragg grating)" have a similar design and the same principles of signal conversion, in which the membrane is a pressure sensor, the liquid acts on the membrane, causing its deformation, with compression caused by deformation or When the grating is stretched, in accordance with the Bragg law (Wulf-Bragg condition), the radiation wavelength changes, since the period of the grating changes. A similar thing happens in cases of a thermal change in the length of the structure, which shifts the reflection spectrum on the lattice [CN101603873A, publ.: 14.07.2009]. The technical differences of this type of osmometers are in geometry, parts fastening schemes and types of seals [CN104931190B, published: 04/30/2009), but the physical bases for detecting and converting osmotic pressure into an optical signal are identical for all designs of such devices. The disadvantages of such technical solutions are that the use of a fiber Bragg grating can provide information on pressure and temperature, but does not lead to other characteristics of phase transitions in the medium, and, accordingly, does not characterize the phase structure and the kinetics of transformations, being a position-sensitive method. . Also known are optical osmometers with a fiber optic probe and a simple diaphragm illuminated by light focused from the fiber optic probe, part which is returned through this probe to the optical detector. When the reaction takes place in the chamber, in which the diaphragm is located and into which the fiber optic probe is inserted, the pressure changes, which acts on the diaphragm and modulates the light flux that enters the detector in proportion to the change in pressure, and the change in pressure is interpreted in the mathematical software of the metrological process as a measure of the concentration of the analyzed substances in a liquid. This principle of optical osmometry, as a rule, is considered as a prototype of optical osmometers with a fiber-optic Bragg grating [CN101603873A, 07/14/2009], therefore, it has the same disadvantages, namely, it does not lead to obtaining many characteristics of phase transitions in a medium, does not characterize the phase structure or kinetics transformations; is not a position sensitive method. This method also does not work well for non-Newtonian liquids, the viscosity of which depends on the velocity gradient, especially in high-speed measurement modes, accompanied by reaction-diffusion processes in the osmometered system. Also known is an optical osmometric device for ophthalmological (lacrimological) studies, based on the principles of SPR (surface plasmon resonance), which involves sampling for keratoconjunctivitis (dry eye syndrome) with a micropipette or other probe, after which the sample from the surface of the eye is applied to the sensitive surface of the prism, included in the optical registration system of surface plasmon resonance, the data from which are used for computer-mediated measurement of tear osmolarity [US20050159657A1, publ.: 08.01.2004]. Studies using this instrument are also not position sensitive (sample mapping). In addition, the disadvantages of this type of devices are the need for frequent replacement of the prism (surfaces), due to the binding of the liquid analyte to the metal of the deposited layer of the prism, which determines the signals of surface plasmon resonance, the measurement of the properties of not the native sample, but the products of its sorption interaction with the active surface (metal), the lack of the possibility of volumetric characterization of the sample, associated with the nature of the sorption interaction, affecting only the surface layer of the sample; relatively narrow biochemical specificity of the method associated with the development of SPR databases for non-exhaustive needs of practice the number of analytes and their incomplete compatibility associated with the specifics of various measurement methods, in particular, the differences between the Otto and Kretschmann configurations. Another type of osmometer compatible with optical technology at the registration stage is a film osmometer on a chip. Sample osmolarity is measured on a chip by depositing an aliquot of the sample on a substrate, introducing liquid into the area of the substrate sample, and measuring the energy properties of the sample on the chip [US7017394B2, publ.: 06.08.2002]. It is possible to combine electrical impedance, cryoscopic and optical (including fluorescence) measurements of a single sample dose (<20 µl) in a chip in a synchronized mode. The disadvantages of this type of osmometers are the impossibility of position-sensitive measurements in the sample volume, the impossibility of establishing the colocalization of impedance, thermal and optical-fluorescent parameters in the sample space, the impossibility of using flow analysis methods. The closest in technical essence are cryoscopic osmometers with optical control, including a video microscope with a CCD camera and a backlight source made in the form of an LED, between which there is a measuring cell fixed in the heating-cooling unit. This configuration makes it possible to visualize phase transitions (from liquid to solid state) and enter their optical (morphometric) characteristics (descriptors) into the PC memory, where the phase transition point is detected using specialized software, which is used to determine the melting point, which, in turn, turn, is used to determine the osmolality in the NANOLITER OSMOMETER [US 20060245466 A1, publ.: 27.04.2005]. The main technical problem of the prototype is the low accuracy of determining the melting point (phase transition point), due to the need to introduce an optical circuit with a lens into the cryoscopic osmometer circuit, on which moisture can condense from the cell, the impossibility of visualizing the distribution of phases in a three-dimensional format in the volume of the cell, the need to focus the microscope to view each individual structure or level of the sample surface, which affects the quality of the processed image. The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype. The technical result of the invention is to improve the metrological quality and resolvometric characteristics of optical lensless recording of the properties of a substance when their temperature changes. The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a lensless holographic osmometer, characterized by determining the change in the properties of the sample during cryoscopic exposure to it by the position of the beam from the radiation source passing through the sample on a position-sensitive matrix, characterized in that the change in the properties of the sample is detected by the formation of crystals sample, visualized when scanning the holographic projection of the sample on the plane of the position-sensitive matrix, at least one radiation source moving along the goniometric scale in several different discrete-stationary positions, while determining the non-optical properties and osmotic characteristics of the sample that change under cryoscopic exposure , thin-film elements are placed in the container with the sample.

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L'invention se rapporte au domaine de l'étude des propriétés physiques et chimiques de substances, et concerne notamment des procédés et des dispositifs de mesure de la pression osmotique dans des milieux liquides et partiellement ordonnés. Le résultat technique de l'invention consiste en une augmentation de la qualité métrologique et des caractéristiques de mesure de résolution de l'enregistrement optique sans lentille des propriétés d'une substance lors d'une modification de la température; ce résultat test atteint grâce à un osmomètre holographique sans lentille caractérisé par la détermination d'un changement des propriétés d'un échantillon lors d'une action cryoscopique sur celui-ci sur la position d'un faisceau depuis une source de rayonnement traversant l'échantillon sur une matrice sensible à la position, lequel se distingue en ce que le changement des propriétés de l'échantillon est détecté d'après la formation de cristaux de l'échantillon qui sont visualisés lors d'un balayage de la projection holographique de l'échantillon sur le plan de la matrice sensible à la position, ceci à l'aide d'au moins une source de rayonnement se déplaçant sur une échelle goniométrique en plusieurs positions discrètes stationnaires distinctes; afin de déterminer les propriétés non optiques et les caractéristiques osmotiques de l'échantillon se modifiant lors de l'action cryoscopique, des éléments à film mince sont disposés dans le récipient contenant l'échantillon. [Abstract in English: The invention relates to the field of analyzing the physical and chemical properties of a substance, and more particularly to methods and devices for measuring osmotic pressure in liquid and partially ordered media. The technical result of the invention is an improvement in measurement quality and resolving power in the lensless optical recording of the properties of a substance as it undergoes a change in temperature, said result being achieved in that a lensless holographic osmometer which detects a change in the properties of a sample exposed to a cryoscopic effect on the basis of the position of a beam from a radiation source, which passes through a sample on a position-sensitive array, is characterized in that a change in the properties of the sample is detected on the basis of the formation of crystals in the sample, which are imaged when a holographic projection of the sample on the surface of the position-sensitive array is scanned by at least one source of radiation, which moves along a goniometric scale, in several different discrete fixed positions, wherein in order to determine the non-optical properties and osmotic characteristics of the sample which change under a cryoscopic effect, thin-film elements are placed in a receptacle together with the sample].

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